Building Design Process

Building Design Process Any building, whether it is a high-rise skyscraper or minute cabin must have a design plan before it is constructed, without a design plan the builders constructing the building would be limited in knowing what it is they are going to build unless for example it was government funded for an institution like the NHS, this would suggest it is to do with healthcare such as a hospital or care home. Buildings can have very complex designs so a structured procedure for the design team to work from is essential to success, for a successful and high performance building it must be aesthetically pleasing, operational, productive, sustainable, easily accessible, cost-effective, secure and safe to be in. The main factors that influence the design process are; finance, the clients needs the design, timing and estimated delivery of the project. The Architect that is designing the new factory unit must take into the account the financial limits that the client has and design the factory unit accordingly making sure it can be achieved realistically on the budget provided. The architect tasked with designing the factory unit is able to evaluate whether the build is realistic on the funds available by comparing the design to previous builds they have designed in the past or by calculating building costs per m^2 and volume per unit. It is important that the Architect ensures the build is feasible so the budget of the client is not exceeded although 10-15% of projects costs are paid in fees the Architect must still make the project cost effective for the client. In the design process one of the most important factors is the site that the project intends to be built on and the surrounding environment (for environmental concerns) as there could be hidden threats to whether the project can go ahead or not concerning the foundations of the ground or the location itself. Obtaining planning approval from the local council is the first stage after acquiring the land to build on so the project can progress. Having a Site Investigation report undertaken of the land proposed to build on will give an analysis of the subsoil composition, bearing values (maximum pressure on foundation soil that provides adequate safety against rupture of soil mass), risk of contamination and the presence of water that could cause damage under the building such as underground stream and rivers. Understanding the topography of the land to determine whether it is sloping, the actual size, shape and understanding the undulation are important to know before building because t hey could pose serious threats and changes to the original design. Desk top studies can be obtained to show the land history on ordnance survey plans dating back to the 1800s and the NCB (National Coal Board) can be contacted for mining records of the land. The Architect could also look on the Flood Risk Environment Agencys website and use the postcode of the land to see whether the area is prone to flooding, previous Ordnance Survey plans and drawings are other methods the Architect could use to understand the area better. There would be no point in building the new factory unless the Clients needs were not going to be met so it is essential for the Architect and the design team to deliver for the client exactly what they are paying them for. As the building is a factory unit it will most likely be being built for industrial use therefore requirements such as parking spaces must be made relative to the required amount. The Client may also want their new factory unit to be sustainable and want to reduce the amount of pollution created in the building process so that should try to be kept to a minimum by the workers. Special requirements may be needed by the client such as functions rooms for meeting, welfare facilities and a canteen for employees working at the new factory unit. The Design of the new factory unit must be structurally stable and have fire integrity with materials appropriately selected meaning it is equipped with fire fighting and preventing equipment such as fire extinguishers and fire doors which can hold back a fire for up to half an hour. As part of attaining planning permission for the build the council must deem that it blends in with the surrounding structures which is usual dependent on whether the building is of a similar size, scale and height to others nearby whilst complementing the streetscape. Environmental impact can be estimated after taking an E.I.A. (Environmental Investigation Agency) assessment which determines the impact on the local and natural environment of building work taking place, biodiversity issues such as flora and fauna (animals in a specific region or area) can also be addressed after the assessment. It is likely that the Client will want the new factory unit completed as soon as possible however this creates pressure on the design phase so an agreement must be came to as to when the project can realistically be completed after all initial issues in the design process have been addressed so the building is near perfect. A lack of planning in the design phase as a result of haste from the client means an unrealistic timescale is created and the building fails to deliver along with the failure for the work load to be scheduled effectively. It can take up to three months for the design and approval to be made along with another month for tenders to be submitted (contractors estimates of costs), depending on the scale and complexity of the design it can take anything from 6-24 months for the build to be completed. P2) Explain the roles and responsibilities of the design team In a typical design team the Architect is the main leader and is pivotal to the success of the project, the other members of the design team include the Client, Interior Designer, Landscape architect, Building services engineer, Clerk of works, Structural Engineer, Resident engineer, Quantity surveyor and the main contractor paid to carry out the work. In a design team, communication is paramount to having a successful project which is why all members should be transparent with the exchange of information pulling in the right direction at the same time to ensure the project work is carried out as intended to minimise mistakes. An Architects responsibility in the design team is primarily to satisfy and understand the Client whilst communicating effectively with the rest of the team so that the project will be completed in a suitable timescale and cost effective to the client. The Architect is paid to understand the clients brief and develop a plan on how to meet the needs of the client whilst maintaining the new development is sustainable for the good of the environment. It is important for the Architect to produce a design that can realistically be constructed which does not infringe anyones health and safety. An understanding of Health and Safety legislation such as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 is essential so there is a prevention of accidents in the workplace. They are responsible for the management of the design process and select specialists in their specific areas; the architects must co-ordinate the input from the design team and ensure it works together. A Civil Engineers role in the design team is concerned with what is happening below the ground, the foundations and the final touches. How these factors can affect the new factory unit that is being built there is determined by the Civil Engineer who will have a good understanding of them. It is the Civil Engineers responsibility to undertake the Site Investigation report which then allows them to analyse the sub soil complexity in turn determining what foundations and substructures are needed for that particular area before building work begins. The groundwork structure is approved by the Civil Engineer so it is suitable for the new factory unit alongside including essentials for the employees that will use the building such as roads, footpaths, parking spaces, under passes, tunnels and bridges for ease of access to the unit. Drainage below the ground of the new unit is also accounted for by the Civil Engineer with traffic management taken care of after a highways and transportation s assessment of the surrounding area is undertaken. The CDM Co-ordinator is responsible for the design and construction safety issues associated with the factory unit, they have a deep understanding of the relevant Health and Safety legislation related to the project which helps them prepare and maintain a CDM file of all the Health and Safety incidents including accidents. An F10 form is produced which informs Health and Safety Executive that there is a new project going ahead, Health and Safety then have the right to turn up and visit a site, they can then advise as to what needs to be changed to increase safety, the Health and Safety inspectors also have the authority to hand out fines accordingly. Quantity surveyors are assigned their role by the Architect and are effectively accountants for the building work; it is their responsibility to estimate how much the materials needed for the building work to go ahead are going to cost the client. The Quantity surveyor can advise the Architect and the client on the cost of the job and re-evaluate the cost during the project in case it does not all go to plan. The Q.S. can help the client to keep within their budget perhaps by using cheaper materials opposed to the intended ones used in the initial design. A Bill of Quantities (BOQ) is prepared which is a document consisting of a list of materials needed for the construction work and their estimated quantities (costs). The Contractor tenders against the Bill of Quantities prepared by the tenderer giving their prices for what is listed, the offers are compared in order to see whether they are good or poor value and the eventual tenders are negotiated for the best solution. The Structural Engineer is tasked with making sure the building is structurally sound and safe for the inhabitants, safety is paramount to the Structural Engineer because if the structure of the new factory unit is not designed to withstand the forces that will be imposed on the factory it could prove disastrous for people working inside who are at a heightened risk of injury. It is essential for the Structural Engineer to make best use of the funds that are available to them in making the new factory unit cost effective; they must provide the correct materials that complement the design specification such as the right bricks, concrete and wood. Structural Engineers are employed by the contractor depending on the contract of the job and can work closely with the Civil Engineer to understand the feasibility of the building. (P3) The production team working on the proposed new factory unit will include the Main Contractor, Managing Director (MD) of the Main Contractor; the Managing Director is accountable for Head Office Admin, Contract Managers and the outside contractors and consultants. The Site manager is accountable to the contract managers but is accountable for the site personnel, sub contractors, trades foremen and the ganger. Site personnel such as the engineers are responsible for the planning and schedules of the project such as projecting when concrete pours will take place, they are usually housed in on site cabins with internet access for ease of communication with other members of the construction team. Alongside their planning duties, engineers are often turned to when a problem arises and are expected to resolve that problem as fast as possible in order to keep the project on-track for completion. Site administration making sure all necessary paperwork is completed and the security team are there to deter people trespassing or thieving from the site. Sub Contractors include plumbers, electricians, roofers, scaffolders, glazed glass fitters, cladders, road layers and sewage contractors. Trades foremen are in charge of bricklayers, joiners, plasterers and painters. Gangers are made up by the general labourers, concreters, drain layers and plant drivers (JCB diggers, excavators, dumpers and rollers). P4) Describe the legal implications that may arise from poor or miscommunications affecting the project In the Production Team it is very important that the members communicate so that legislation is obeyed and work is not completed incorrectly which provokes claims and slows progress in the build. As a result of miscommunication claims for misinformation or carrying out abortive work can be made if you can justify the extent and basis of reasons why, these could be for example, day to day errors that are uncovered which can now be rectified and clarified with instructions or variations orders. More serious breaches of negligence or failing to fulfil contracted obligations are a tort in law and will result in legal actions. Most professional people have indemnity against design risk and sometimes losses are recovered from insurers. Any client entering into a contract situation with builders must ensure insurance for loss is covered also; the builder has public liability insurances alongside insurance for their employees and for the works. M1) Explain how the RIBA plan of work provides an effective and structured framework for the design process in complex projects and how it is sometimes modified or not strictly followed The RIBA (Royal Institute of British Architects) plan of work 2013 provides a structured framework for the design process of new buildings; it provides both the stages for the design and construction phases of projects. Although Architects will have the necessary qualifications that indicate to clients and their employers that they are competent enough to head the design team and work on a project, the RIBA plan of work provides guidance for all the phases of the project including the design and construction. With a structured plan everyone involved in the project knows there role and can continue with it whilst the rest of the project continues to progress, the Architect will maintain full control of the plan but has a better understanding of who is doing what and what is being done at what time. The first section covers stages A + B which consist of the Appraisal and Design Brief. Clients needs + requirements are taken into account alongside the budget, purpose group of the building, numbers of people using the building, accommodating visitors, parking, site access, land suitability, site investigation reports, shape and whether there is a slope/undulation. Stage C is the Concept. Design proposals and concepts must be agreed before any construction work can go ahead and drawings are sketched on feasibility options. Stages D + E are the design development and technical design, final design proposals are developed and confirmed after consultation of previous proposals. The client has options now that they can see all of the detailed designs and are then able to decide on a final design which leads us on to the pre-construction phase of the RIBA plan of work. Stages F, G H being the production information, tender documentation and tender action; a design team is put together to produce documentation drawings and specifications ready for tender action. In stage F production information must be prepared and final decisions related to the design work can be made. Drawings, schedules and specifications are finalised after taking all of the new designs into account which are then sent to the Architects, engineers and Main Contractor who are directly involved. Stage G involves the Bill of Quantities and tender documents production under the NJCC (National Joint Consultative Committee) procedure for selective tendering outlined in stage H Stages I, J K revolve around mobilisation placing the contract for production of the building. Stage L is the final step of the RIBA plan of work and is simply the post construction phase of the project where it is completed and handed over to the Client for use. The RIBA plan of work is especially important for Architects when they are tasked with designing a building that will have a very complex structure; it is comprised into three sections containing the feasibility phase, the pre-construction phase and the construction phase. It is not only the Architect that must know the stages of the plan because when changes need to be made and accommodated, the other key players in the team need to be made aware of the developments of the design as it continues. If the key players are not communicating and do not fully understand the changes being made or how they will affect the structure it can be very detrimental to success. In the feasibility phase the Architect will work with the client in order to understand the requirements of the building and to recommend anything that can improve the building as a whole. It must incorporate buildability which is a term used to describe whether a building can be constructed easily or not and must be financially feasible. In the pre-construction phase the Architect can produce sketches of the layout, design and construction in order for the client to approve what the Architect has designed. Drawings to be submitted to the local authority building control will also be drawn and when the outline is approved final decisions can be made relating to the design, specification and construction. If changes need to be made they can still be accommodated at this early stage but will incur additional costs, these changes must be noted so that everyone can be informed of them therefore they are pulling in the right direction. The plan may not always be strictly followed when the re is a deadline that needs to be met and completing a particular stage may be ignored when it is not seen to be necessary to save time.

A Short Review of The West Side Story :: essays research papers

One of the things that first struck me about the play was that the characters believed they lived a good life. I saw the exact opposite. The good life is shown through success, success through a career, education, goals, and love, or at least we are brought up thinking so. The gangs only had one another and without the support of that gang, these boys/characters would not exist as individual human beings. The Jets did not want to have jobs, and they mocked the ex-gang member, Tony, for leaving the gang to make a future for himself. Life outside the gang was not an option for the Jets. None of the boys had any future plans or felt the need for anything else in their lives. Tony did not live the good life, but he did have dreams. He knew there was a better life for him out there, and parting from the gang allowed him to search for that life. Maybe it was only me, but Tony seemed to be the happiest person there, even before he met Maria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The West Side Story did not demonstrate a good society, either. The people outside the gang did not help to lead these kids in the right direction. The gangs learned to be negative towards one another, because people of higher authority did the same, such as the cops. I was shocked when the cop made racist comments towards the Sharks, I would think that a black man in that time period would be more aware of racial tensions and slurs. In the song â€Å"Officer Krupke† the Jets sing of several reasons to why society believes they are bad kids. Society makes it okay for them to be bad, and the boys just accept those excuses. People in their society were constantly giving them negative remarks and this eventually led them to believe that what people told them was true. The society had the same hatred that the two gangs for each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In spite of their lack of opportunities both gangs have a lot of fun at the dance (although it is laced with tension). The fun was portrayed by the vibrant colors of the girl's dresses and the boys' shirts, the frenetic music. I really loved the wonderful outfits, and I think that they really do make the play reachable. I was wondering if West Side Story has ever been done in a setting other than proscenium. A Short Review of The West Side Story :: essays research papers One of the things that first struck me about the play was that the characters believed they lived a good life. I saw the exact opposite. The good life is shown through success, success through a career, education, goals, and love, or at least we are brought up thinking so. The gangs only had one another and without the support of that gang, these boys/characters would not exist as individual human beings. The Jets did not want to have jobs, and they mocked the ex-gang member, Tony, for leaving the gang to make a future for himself. Life outside the gang was not an option for the Jets. None of the boys had any future plans or felt the need for anything else in their lives. Tony did not live the good life, but he did have dreams. He knew there was a better life for him out there, and parting from the gang allowed him to search for that life. Maybe it was only me, but Tony seemed to be the happiest person there, even before he met Maria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The West Side Story did not demonstrate a good society, either. The people outside the gang did not help to lead these kids in the right direction. The gangs learned to be negative towards one another, because people of higher authority did the same, such as the cops. I was shocked when the cop made racist comments towards the Sharks, I would think that a black man in that time period would be more aware of racial tensions and slurs. In the song â€Å"Officer Krupke† the Jets sing of several reasons to why society believes they are bad kids. Society makes it okay for them to be bad, and the boys just accept those excuses. People in their society were constantly giving them negative remarks and this eventually led them to believe that what people told them was true. The society had the same hatred that the two gangs for each other.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In spite of their lack of opportunities both gangs have a lot of fun at the dance (although it is laced with tension). The fun was portrayed by the vibrant colors of the girl's dresses and the boys' shirts, the frenetic music. I really loved the wonderful outfits, and I think that they really do make the play reachable. I was wondering if West Side Story has ever been done in a setting other than proscenium.

Kill and Odysseus Slaughters Bunches Essay

Mrs. Heimes English 9D 25 January 2013 Odysseus: Zero or Hero? Odysseus, saves citizens, saves shipmates, is a cold blooded killer and promiscuous man. When I think of Odysseus I think of a criminal or a zero. Odysseus is a zero for three main reasons 1. He is a killer and does not protect his shipmates 2. He is not a team player and he is not a leader 3. He constantly shows he can not be trusted. â€Å"There will be killing until the score is paid† is a quote from Odysseus in book 22. Everybody knows that heroes do not kill and Odysseus is no exception. In book 22 Odysseus slaughters bunches of men because they pursued his wife Penelope. On page 960 the blue text reads Odysseus and his men are compared to falcons who show no mercy to the flocks of birds they pursue and capture. These men were killed terribly because they pursued Odysseus wife because Odysseus was gone for 20 years. When Odysseus’ men were going to go straight to Scylla Odysseus did nothing. â€Å"She ate them as they shrieked there, in her den, in the dire grapple reaching still for me†. While Odysseus’ could have warned them of Scylla Odysseus decides that their lives are not very important. Because of Odysseus’ actions all of his men died. Since the the dawn of time it has been a universal fact that to be a hero you need to be a team player. When Odysseus gets his shipmates killed it is a perfect example of Odysseus not being a team player. Odysseus is the only person survive from his expedition why because he did not properly protect his shipmates. Let me read this quote â€Å"Driven by hunger they ignore Odysseus’ warning and eat Helios’ cattle†. Odysseus’ could not properly feed his men and he could not control them. When you look at the cyclops cave situation you realize that Odysseus is not very clever or smart. One of Odysseus’ men say â€Å" Take the cheeses, get them stowed, come back, thrown open all the pens, and make a run for it†? While doing that was clearly a better choice Odysseus’ refuses and decides that he wants to meet the cyclops. This is not a good Idea for many reasons the first is what could or would the Cyclops do for them. Every hero has to show that they can be trusted and depended on. While Odysseus did make it back to his homeland he also got all of his shipmates killed. The deaths of all of Odysseus’ shipmates came from a fault from Odysseus. Odysseus alone survives† Page 937 blue text. Odysseus constantly is unfaithful to his wife but after 20 years when his wife Penelope is looking for a suitor Odysseus kills all of the suitors. In this moment Odysseus shows me that he is not only a hypocrite but a killer. As I state in this paper Odysseus is a zero and clearly not a hero. Things like being a killer being untrustworthy and being a bad leader do not add up to Odysseus being a Hero. Things like saving lives being trustworthy and a good leader are things that do add up to being a hero and Odysseus is none of these.

Analysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible Essay

Matthew Shults A.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict The Crucible is a play that takes place in the 17 century in Salem, Massachusetts. As the play starts, Reverend Parris caught some girls naked dancing in the woods. Apparently the girls where stirring up spirits and to escape the punishment of the accusations of being witches, they blame other women in Salem. Later on in the play, Elizabeth Proctor finds out about John Proctor and Abigail having an affair. Abigail soon accuses Elizabeth of being a witch to remove her and to get her out of the picture. A doll is then found at her house and the evidence is being stacked against her. Deputy Danforth is the judge for the trials while the girls begin blaming each other for being witches. Reverend Hale is brought in as an expert witness and first believes the girls are witches but over time he starts to believe the ones who are accused. John Proctor gets Mary Warren to testify against the girls. The next day, Mary testifies that the girls are lying. They respond by acting like Mary is bewi tching them, stating phrases such as â€Å"Mary, this is black art to change your shape† (115). Mary then states the John Proctor is bewitching her and is under his influence; he gets arrested moments later. Three months later, Proctor is asked to confess or get hanged. The jury then accuses John of being an associate of the devil. As Danforth wants him to sign a confession,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 961 Words   |  4 Pages Movie paper analysis of The crucible The circumstance brought upon a person can change them greatly. The Crucible edited and rewritten by Arthur Miller, is a movie which takes place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. 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He lived throughRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1457 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Huang Ms. Folkrod English 3, Period 7 26 October 2014 Proctor’s Pride and Downfall A tragic hero is a hero in a story whose natural flaws or wrong judgments, associates with bad fate, causes his downfall or death. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, there are tragic heroes. In the late 1600s, there are a series of witch trials happens at Salem, MA. John Proctor, a farmer who lives in a farm with his wife Elizabeth Proctor, is the protagonist during the Salem witch trial. John is a candid, frankRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 1732 Words   |  7 Pagesin the world. II. Biographical Arthur Miller was a controversial playwright during the 1950’s and 60’s, note because of the material that he choose to write about, but because of the events that took place surrounding one of his best works: The Crucible. One of his friends and a fellow playwright Elia Kazan was accused of being a Communist by the house Un-American Activities Committee. Elia, who had admitted to being previously a Communist during the 1930’s (long before the cold war) was askedRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 3926 Words   |  16 PagesA.P. English Language August 11, 2014 Novel Analysis Assignment The Crucible by Arthur Miller Plot and Conflict At its core, The Crucible is a chilling depiction of a community engulfed by hysteria. A fanatically religious community in Salem, Massachusetts becomes embroiled in a witch-hunt initiated by a group of adolescent girls. At the start of the play, Reverend Parris finds his teenage daughter, Betty Parris, â€Å"sick† in bed after she, along with his niece Abigail, his slave Tituba, and a fewRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 883 Words   |  4 PagesName: Lauren Ciesielski Period AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Crucible 2. 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Arthur Miller combines his experiences during the McCarthy reign of the 1950s and the factual events of the Salem witch trials in 1692 to create an elaborated historical tale of the panic caused by witchcraft. Although, the morals behind the events are relevant no matter what the period of time the audience is in. Arthur Miller uses the semantic field of truth throughout the play, ‘The Crucible’, to show his audiences that no matterRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Miller s The Crucible 2138 Words   |  9 Pages Crucible Character Essay - John Proctor #6 In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"The Crucible† the protagonist is a man by the name of John Proctor. Proctor is a very complex character because he doesn t have the cleanest history. He is a man in about his forties who had committed the sin of cheating on his wife with a young girl. This act of his gives a bad first impression to the reader. 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Caribbean Studies Internal Assesment - 4844 Words

Table of Contents Page 1. Cover Page Page 2. Table of Contents Page 3. Introduction Page 7. Literature Reviews Page 11. Data Collection Sources Page 13. Presentation of Findings Page 23. Explanation of Findings Page 25. Interpretation of Findings Page 29. Discussions of Findings Page 31. Conclusion, Limitations Recommendations Page 35. Bibliography Page 36. Appendix. Introduction Problem Statement Does the participation in extra-curricular activities impact the mentality( what do you mean by meantality) and academic performance of the students within Trinity College? Relevance of Topic to Caribbean Studies. I choose this topic in relevance to Caribbean†¦show more content†¦Where are your references (who or where did you git this information) During the whole entire or most of the century, this idea became more and more attractive. Now college students cannot imagine their lives without some extracurricular activities like sport clubs, fashion societies, lab-groups, etc. The impact of these activities becomes more considerable: more people are eager to comprehend how and why these extracurricular activities affect human lives. The results of numerous investigations prove that: 1. Emotional state of students is improved considerably; 2. Communication between new students develops faster; 3. Writing skills and critical thinking are properly developed; 4. Students have a desire to attend classes; 5. Students have special places to visit and communicate instead of hanging out constantly; 6. Career planning and improvement of personal leadership skills become crucial for students; 7. An idea to follow news makes students aware of the current state of affairs; 8. Students are ready to help each other and explain everything; 9. Communications between students and tutors may be improved; 10. Students participate in different governmental processes and try to influence the conditions of their education. If all in point form, why semicolons after each line As you can see, the idea of extracurricular activities is winning indeed. Students are always eager toShow MoreRelatedCaribbean Studies Syllabus5959 Words   |  24 PagesMODULE 1: CARIBBEAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE OVERVIEW Module 1 introduces students to the role played by geography in shaping the society and culture of the Caribbean region as well as the historical evolution of Caribbean society, the cultural characteristics of the Caribbean people, and the ways in which Caribbean society and culture influence and are influenced by societies and cultures outside the region. GENERAL OBJECTIVES On completion of this Module, students should: 1. Understand the factors which

How Technology Changed The World Interacts With Mobile...

Communication has evolved immensely over the span of the past couple of years. This evolution has been sustained by manufacturing companies establishing a competitive market for their products. From the smart phone to the iPhone, phone communication has really taken up an ‘all-things-digital’ approach that has transformed how the world interacts with mobile devices. The current focus on quick evolving methods to upgrade these communications devices poses a threat to Apple’s Iphone. Apple Inc. and Steve Jobs are household names throughout the globe. According to Kolah(2013) Steve Jobs was not only influencing, but also had great selling skills. Inspired by a multi-touch display in early 2000, Steve Jobs introduced the first iPhone (Ritchie, 2015b). This phone introduced irresistible competition to the likes of BlackBerry that appeared point-blank primitive. Apple’s iPhone had an outstanding industrial design integrating mostly aluminum and scratch resistant glass. Furthermore, Apple’s iPhone introduced the innovative touch screen terminating the reign of styluses or trackballs, and introducing to users techniques such swiping, pinching, and scrolling using their fingers (Ritchie, 2015a; Price, 2015). Though, these advancements have carried Apple’s Iphone, they have been adopted and enhanced by other competitors. The slow advancement of the Apple Iphone have carried weight in the market, however, the rapid advancement of other companies have been detrimental to ApplesShow MoreRelatedHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially1503 Words   |  7 PagesHow Cell Phones Changed Us Socially Having a cell phone is very convenient and helpful most of the time. They are great for emergencies, but not everyone knows of the potential negative impacts these phones have on our lives. In the past several years there have been numerous studies looking into the problems, which cell phone cause. 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Remoteness and Consolidation of Supermarket †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Remoteness and Consolidation of Supermarket. Answer: Introduction: The retail sector, in particular, the supermarket grocery stores industry in Australia is highly competitive. The competition has kept on changing with times and had largely known as the duopoly of Woolworths and Coles. The wide variety of product line and competitive prices has kept on establishing stories of success. However, a rapid growth of Aldi in recent times has not only altered the trend but, also become the reason for declining profit for the industry (Ibisworld.com.au, 2018). One of the reasons for Aldis growth has been the discounted price for private-label products. Customers had also responded to it which is the reason that forced Woolworths and Coles to switch over to the same strategy. They also had to consider an expansion of their private-label product ranges. Smaller supermarket chains like Foodworks have also struggled to respond to a changing market trend (Ibisworld.com.au, 2018). Industry revenue is expected to grow up by 3% on an annual basis (Ibisworld.com.au , 2018). To understand why Aldi is so successful despite the market giants Woolworths and Coles, it is first necessary to understand the driving factors in the industry. An average person looks for three factors such as Product Quality, Convenience of Shopping Value when they feel like shopping (Singh-Peterson et al., 2016). When looked at the business model that Aldi uses, it looks bit complicated and also hard to understand what it communicates. However, the core strategy of the business model is centered on the three highlighted factors. It means Aldi is fulfilling the needs and wants of its target customers. The three factors have been standardized in Aldi model of business and are continuously executed also (Singh-Peterson et al., 2016). The purpose of this study is to communicate the knowledge related to strategic planning. The purpose is being served in various ways including the external environment analysis and also the industry analysis. Background of the chosen organization: Aldi is a German based multinational company and had entered Australia in 2001. The company had its first store in Sydney and since then has kept on growing with its effective business strategies. However, the excellent performance was noticed in just the last five years. The company has redefined the market competition with its cost-effective business model. It has constantly executed the three essential elements of customer needs such as quality, value and convenience (Knox, 2015). The execution could be possible due to its cost-effective strategies. Cost-effectiveness was a result of constant strategic planning that also includes maintaining a lesser number of SKUs (Stock Keeping Unit). The benefits of the strategy include lower cost of handling and also higher purchasing power. Exclusive brands of Aldi are accountable for approximately 90% of their shelf space. Hence, Aldi is able to cut down on the supply prices. These are few of the reasons how the company has managed to keep t he cost of production lower (Arup, Beaton-Wells Paul-Taylor, 2017). Limited range of products was being maintained to focus more on a quality product. The efficient handling of the production cost was actually reinvested in offering lower prices to customers. The choice is actually not a very high concern to many customers. There are customers that prefer getting the reduced range of quality products at competitive price range over a wide range of expensive and low-quality products. Convenience was maintained with the help of opening numbers of branches in the different parts of Australia. The expansion rate is appreciable indeed (Corones, 2015). The store layout is another reason why Aldi is able to cut down on the cost of production. Stores are not open for 24 hours. It helps to save on staffing costs and utility expenses. The number of employees has also been kept low. Employees are trained on multi-skills to support their strategy of keeping a low number of employees. Products are all packaged and hence, it helps to reduce the shelf stocking time of products (Corones, 2015). The checkout process is also very competitive. Customers are encouraged to bring their carrier bags to avoid unnecessary expenses being made on it. The check-out lines are supported with long belts. Hence, accommodating a large number of products which is also necessary to cut down the queues gathered around the place. Packaged products have a barcode in more than one place supporting an efficient check-out process. Customers are encouraged also to package their goods. It helps to cut down the time and also the expenses which could have been required for keeping staffs particularly for packaging (Medlin Ellegaard, 2015). External Environment Analysis: The Australian retail grocery sectors have been a point of attraction for the public body and the critique experts. The competitions have been redefined with the effective strategies of Aldi which is always good for customers; however, not so for the country's economy. In course to offer the competitive prices, the supermarket stores have considered being low with their net profit. Such trend has affected the annual growth of the grocery and the supermarket industry in Australia. As reported by the IBISWorld, the industry is expected to grow at 3% annually (Ibisworld.com.au, 2018). Initially, the duopoly of Coles and Woolworths was the reason for criticism and had also produced calls for a reform in the competition laws. It was being felt to analyze any misuse of the market power (Corones, 2016). Improvements have been felt for regulation of planning, liquor licensing and trading hours. Aldis success just suggests a low barrier to entry in the industry and also attaining a progressiv e growth (Corones, 2016). The technological disruption being brought up by new entrants in the Australian retail sector and also the changing dimension of shopping such as the online shopping are al affecting the brands and also the countrys economy. Firms are now being shifted to many innovative moves to solve their incompetency. However, in many ways, such strategies make those problems poorer (Methner, Hamann Nilsson, 2015). Aldi has redefined the competition and has created the urgency for others to bring much innovation in their business strategies, so that, those firms stay afloat in the industry. Moreover, there is a price war competition in the Australian retail industry which is always good for customers provided that, three factors such as value, convenience, and product quality are met. The fact is not so good for the countrys economy. The competition has affected the annual growth of the grocery and the supermarket industry. The industry is expected to grow at 3% on an annual basis (Ibisworld.com .au, 2018). The profit margin is declining for the industry which is an indirect loss the national economy (de Waal, van Nierop Sloot, 2017). Customers are the drivers of industries, in particular, the grocery retail industry in Australia. The extent to which they desire for a service it gets reflected in the decision making of the industry leaders. Woolworths and Coles have long had the duopoly status in the Australian retail sector. However, the fact has been strongly derailed by the German based Aldi. Consumer behavior and the entrants of new retail business have both forced industrys leaders to consider changing their business model. The attempt to offer a competitive price range to customers has affected the annual growth of the Australian retail industry (Calvo-Porral, Faa Medn Montes-Solla, 2016). Consumer behavior for shopping has given place to innovative strategies which have so far been proved productive to Aldi. However, the cost-effective strategy may not be producing the same effect due to the ever-changing consumer behavior for shopping. Customers, in particular, the Millennials are now being attracted much towards the online shopping platforms. Shopping convenience, availability of a range of products, price comparison option, incrementing usage of Internet in Millennials and delivery at the doorstep are some of the reasons for a booming online shopping platform (Borraz et al., 2014). On top of all, the changed lifestyle of young generations has largely supported the online shopping platform. The young generations, in particular, do not anymore like visiting physical stores. It does not mean they have stopped going to stores. It rather means they prefer an online shopping platform where they are not required to visit the physical stores. They can browse their desire category of products and find a list of products from different brands. They can also compare for product features and the pricing. Once they decide their choice of products they are simply required to book it for purchase. Their selected product or the list of products will then be delivered to their doorstep (Hosken, Olson Smith, 2018). Additionally, they do not have reasons to feel like visiting stores. For instance, Aldi that offers the cheapest products is still expanding and yet to reach to a wider customer base in the country. The store is still inaccessible to many. It does not make the sense traveling miles to reach to the store for products which could be conveniently purchased on the various online platforms (Price, 2016). Physical stores at present have no answer to the revelation created by the online shopping zones. There is a need for technological innovation that could support a huge change in regards to the physical layout of the stores. Millennials are prone to the technological interface. Hence, suggestions would be for technological and strategic innovation in physical shopping stores (Price, 2016). Technological innovation has evidently kept on driving the consumer behavior in the Australian retail market. Initially, the market was dominated by the duopoly of Woolworths and Coles which later on being affected by Aldi. Aldi has driven the shopping behavior with its cost-effective business models focussed to provide value, quality product, and shopping convenience. However, the biggest disruption was being laid from the entrance of online shopping platforms (Luck Benkenstein, 2015). It has actually steered the market with customers in specific the Millennials thronging to the concept. It has offered the services which have no answers from the physical stores. The ever-growing use of internet has made such things possible. Customers who love technological gadgets have responded to a changed interface (Luck Benkenstein, 2015). The innovation has disrupted the industry and produced a necessity to adopt the change pattern of shopping behavior. They must consider introducing the innovative strategies, so that, they are able to pull and retain their customers at their physical stores. There is a need for reducing the wait time of customers. Technological gadgets need to be implemented in the feasible zones to attract the young customers. The shelf layout must be changed to make customers feel the online kind of experience. The number of stores is needed to be increased, so that, accessibility rate could increase (Pantano, 2014). There are environmental concerns which are drawing the attention of the national government. Greenhouse gas emission and waste production are the matter of worries for supermarket giants. The supply chain operation which also includes the logistics operation is a resource to greenhouse gas emission. Supermarket brands are under a strict scrutiny of the national government due to its contribution to the greenhouse gas emission. There is a need for effective strategies to effectively reduce the level of greenhouse gas emission (Hosken, Olson Smith, 2018). They are in a way involved in the production of wastages. Packaging which is an important part of operation contributes to environmental pollution. It effectively contributes to the greenhouse gas emission. Recycling of older products is also a concern (de Waal, van Nierop Sloot, 2017). The Australian grocery and retail industry needs to follow certain legal policies or else they may be in danger or scrutinized for violating any of such policies. They are scrutinized under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 which protect any unfair practice in regards to competition and trade. The purpose is to enhance the welfare of Australians (Corones, 2016). As earlier being stated that the duopoly of Woolworths and Coles have already attracted scrutinized move of the public body. Hence, Aldi will need to ensure that do not come across such obligations. TheGreenhouse and Energy Minimum Standards (GEMS) Act 2012 governs a national framework guiding the product energy efficiency in Australia (Corones, 2016). Giant supermarket brands like Aldi may be required to continually deploy thoughts to remain safe from any such obligation. This is also necessary to prove their image as a socially responsible firm. The Australian supermarket and grocery industry has witnessed a wide variety of stores like convenience stores, specialty grocery stores, and farmer's markets. However, the market is now reaching the saturation stage (Medlin Ellegaard, 2015). Additionally, the technological disruption does already exist in the form of online shopping platforms. The existing supermarket giants like Woolworths, Coles, and Aldi can only consider improving the shopping interface through incepting a few of technological innovations. Brands can improve the shopping experience of their customers but, only through feasible technological interventions (Arup, Beaton-Wells Paul-Taylor, 2017). Hence, it appears as if there are no more scopes for a substitute business. The sheer competition from online shopping giants has produced the necessity for few modifications in the existing store format. Modifications need to be in regards to such as improving the shopping interface, reducing the wait time for customers and increasing the number of stores. Hence, firms with the effective business model may be a possibility. Lidl, for example, has made a knocking entry in the Australian retail industry (Methner, Hamann Nilsson, 2015). Despite the fact that the market is close to the saturation stage, it has still space available for innovative firms. There are scopes in regards to technological disruption in the store layout to make it appealing to customers in specific to Millennials (Pantano, 2014). The Australian grocery and retail industry is highly competitive. The competition was redefined by a duopoly dominance of Woolworths and Coles. It was further stormed with an entrance of Aldi in 2001. The cost-effective business model of Aldi has helped the company to establish its own image. At the current moment, Aldi is giving a strong fight to Woolworths and Coles. Actually, Woolworths and Coles are feeling the heat of Aldi (Calvo-Porral, Faa Medn Montes-Solla, 2016). The competition reached a different level with the technological disruption of online shopping platforms. It has influenced the shopping behavior of Millennials significantly. It has also attracted the Baby Boomers. The incrementing internet usage has encouraged customers to online shopping. They found this rather user-friendly due to the convenience of shopping, availability of large stocks, comparative study of different brands in terms of product features prices and the home delivery (Arup, Beaton-Wells Paul-T aylor, 2017). Consumers drive the Australian grocery and retail industry which is also evident through the successive dominion of Woolworths Coles, cost-effective dominion of Aldi and online shopping platform. Consumers have always been the drivers. Consumers drive it through their behaviors not necessarily confined only to shopping behaviors (Methner, Hamann Nilsson, 2015). Customers had needed cheapest yet the quality product. Such behavior of customers had given space to discounted stores. When retailers have felt the necessity to provide a convenient shopping experience they had come up with the convenient stores. Aldi had identified the need to offer all those three elements such as value, quality product and shopping convenience under one roof. Online shopping platforms can be regarded as an outcome of incrementing internet usage (Calvo-Porral, Faa Medn Montes-Solla, 2016). The Australian supermarket brands have been able to manage an effective relationship with suppliers. Hence, they had been able to manage it according to their needs. Till the time, when duopoly of Woolworths and Coles had existed they had been dominating their relationship with suppliers. They were the biggest buyers and hence, they had the advantage (Hosken, Olson Smith, 2018). Aldi, on the other hand, moved along a different line to manage an effective relationship with suppliers. The first move was to reduce the number of stock keeping units (SKUs). They had also offered a very limited range of products than Woolworths and Coles do. In this way, Aldi was able to reduce the bargaining power of suppliers (de Waal, van Nierop Sloot, 2017). Few of the exclusive private-label brands were accountable for a 90% shelf space payment (de Waal, van Nierop Sloot, 2017). In this way, Aldi was able to reduce the cost of production and also the bargaining power of suppliers. Factors driving the industry towards a change: Few factors are worth mentioning due to its impact on the Australian retail industry. The Australian customer landscapes especially the Ethnic Australians and Millennials are shifting towards a new direction. They want fresh, healthy and quality products from a resource other than the online shopping platforms. They are well educated on the impact of business on the global society. This is why they now wish to pay more to brands that they trust as a potential choice for environmental betterment. Brands with a positive impact on society are an emerging demand of customers. A sustainable business with a strong preference for local production is an emerging trend (Methner, Hamann Nilsson, 2015). Technological disruption is the other driving force, especially for physical stores. Physical stores have faced tough challenges from the online shopping platforms. Millennials who will be the future customers have a high addiction to online shopping. On the other hand, physical stores in any format are not that much capable to pull back Millennials to the concept. They are also not accessible at every location (Luck Benkenstein, 2015). These are the few factors to concentrate in future. Until and unless physical stores do not come up with technological interventions they will not be able to establish a strong fight to online platforms. Aldi has been quite successful in the last five years and also able to give tough competition to Australian supermarket duopoly of Woolworths and Coles. However, it needs to implement some technological interventions in order to redefine the shopping experience and also attracting back the Millennials who are at present significantly disconnected. The company is still expanding its number of stores in Australia. There is a need to open up more such stores to make it accessible in most locations (Hosken, Olson Smith, 2018). Additionally, customers can be provided with technological gadgets like a computerized interface in stores. This will provide tracking of required areas in stores and also the other useful stuff. The products can be designed on a shelf in a way which is very much similar to the online shopping platforms. An app specially dedicated to stores can also be introduced using which customers will be able to book their desired products which will be delivered to them with in the given time period of delivery (Medlin Ellegaard, 2015). Effect of the change in the industry: The first change which was for a socially responsible business may bring significant changes to the shopping behaviors of customers. Customers especially those who are well-informed of the societal values will look for going to the changed option. It means customer loyalty will increase. This is actually necessary for a sustained business (de Waal, van Nierop Sloot, 2017). Technological interventions that have been suggested to compete against the online platforms may also produce necessary outcomes. Millennials may feel like visiting physical stores if it is available to their desired location. The smart technology at stores like computer interface can be a guiding experience for customers. The recommended app may also prove to be an engaging experience. Customers, in particular, the Millennials will roam around the store with the help of guidelines available on the computer interface. It is also time-effective as instant information will be generated. Customers will not require roaming around the stores and searching for their desired products. They will be to their desired location with just a slight work on the interface (Borraz et al., 2014). Millennials may be delighted also with this new experience and feel like using the service again. The use of app may also give them an experience similar to the online shopping where they can book their orders and get it delivered at their doorstep. It means that they are physically viewing their products. Hence, they will have no doubts on whether the chosen product is exactly the same as it looked like. This is quite possible in online shopping where it is very challenging to judge a few things like color textures, designs, and a real look. However, if supermarket stores like Aldi come up with the concept, customers will actually be able to judge products based on their parameters of needs (Arup, Beaton-Wells Paul-Taylor, 2017). The product layout arrangement in the line of the online shopping platforms may give the Millennials a feel for online shopping. They will find the products arranged exactly the way it used to be on the online shopping platforms. Hence, habits of browsing the products on the online platforms can also be relived in such physical stores (Arup, Beaton-Wells Paul-Taylor, 2017). Conclusion: Therefore, the retail and grocery industry in Australia has a declining trend at present. This is largely due to price wars between the supermarket giants. The war has benefitted the customers; however, reduced the profit margin for firms. The annual growth of the grocery and supermarket industry is also being hampered by it. The indirect impact of the circumstances is expected to affect the countrys economy. Aldi has been very successful in the last five years. A strategically aligned business practice is the reason behind its success. The business model that it uses has supplied the three essential needs or wants to customers like value, quality of product and the shopping convenience. Woolworths and Coles have struggled to be in the price wars due to their incapability to reduce the total production cost. Aldi, on the other hand, has intelligently managed to keep it low. The strategy to keep the numbers of stock keeping unit (SKUs) low is one of the intelligent moves of Aldi which has benefitted the firm immensely. However, the online shopping platforms is a serious threat to physical stores and to counter which it needs to consider a few technological interventions as suggested in this assignment. Aldi and other supermarket giants will also be needed to prove their stand in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR). References: Arup, C., Beaton-Wells, C., Paul-Taylor, J. (2017). 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